标记数据的中心性和多样性对半监督学习（SSL）的性能非常有影响，但是大多数SSL模型随机选择标记的数据。迄今为止，如何保证标记数据的中心性和多样性几乎没有得到研究的关注。已经观察到最佳的领先森林（OLF）具有揭示类别开发SSL模型的类别的差异演变的优势。我们对这项研究的关键直觉是学习一个基于OLF结构识别的少量最稳定和最不同的数据，以学习一个核的大幅度度量。提出了一个优化问题以实现这一目标。同样，对于OLF，多个局部指标学习促进了解决SSL中多模式和混合模式问题的促进。归因于这种新颖的设计，与基线方法相比，基于OLF的SSL模型的准确性和性能稳定性在没有牺牲太多效率的情况下得到了显着改善。实验研究表明，与最先进的图形SSL方法相比，提出的方法可以鼓励精度和运行时间。代码已在https://github.com/alanxuji/delala上提供。

神经形态计算是一个新兴的研究领域，旨在通过整合来自神经科学和深度学习等多学科的理论和技术来开发新的智能系统。当前，已经为相关字段开发了各种软件框架，但是缺乏专门用于基于Spike的计算模型和算法的有效框架。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于Python的尖峰神经网络（SNN）模拟和培训框架，又名Spaic，旨在支持脑启发的模型和算法研究，并与深度学习和神经科学的特征集成在一起。为了整合两个压倒性学科的不同方法，以及灵活性和效率之间的平衡，SpaiC设计采用神经科学风格的前端和深度学习后端结构设计。我们提供了广泛的示例，包括神经回路模拟，深入的SNN学习和神经形态应用，展示了简洁的编码样式和框架的广泛可用性。 Spaic是一个专用的基于SPIKE的人工智能计算平台，它将显着促进新模型，理论和应用的设计，原型和验证。具有用户友好，灵活和高性能，它将有助于加快神经形态计算研究的快速增长和广泛的适用性。

In the Metaverse, the physical space and the virtual space co-exist, and interact simultaneously. While the physical space is virtually enhanced with information, the virtual space is continuously refreshed with real-time, real-world information. To allow users to process and manipulate information seamlessly between the real and digital spaces, novel technologies must be developed. These include smart interfaces, new augmented realities, efficient storage and data management and dissemination techniques. In this paper, we first discuss some promising co-space applications. These applications offer opportunities that neither of the spaces can realize on its own. We then discuss challenges. Finally, we discuss and envision what are likely to be required from the database and system perspectives.

Partial label learning (PLL) is an important problem that allows each training example to be labeled with a coarse candidate set, which well suits many real-world data annotation scenarios with label ambiguity. Despite the promise, the performance of PLL often lags behind the supervised counterpart. In this work, we bridge the gap by addressing two key research challenges in PLL -- representation learning and label disambiguation -- in one coherent framework. Specifically, our proposed framework PiCO consists of a contrastive learning module along with a novel class prototype-based label disambiguation algorithm. PiCO produces closely aligned representations for examples from the same classes and facilitates label disambiguation. Theoretically, we show that these two components are mutually beneficial, and can be rigorously justified from an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm perspective. Moreover, we study a challenging yet practical noisy partial label learning setup, where the ground-truth may not be included in the candidate set. To remedy this problem, we present an extension PiCO+ that performs distance-based clean sample selection and learns robust classifiers by a semi-supervised contrastive learning algorithm. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed methods significantly outperform the current state-of-the-art approaches in standard and noisy PLL tasks and even achieve comparable results to fully supervised learning.

特殊设备产品的设计或仿真分析必须遵循国家标准，因此可能有必要反复参考设计过程中标准的内容。但是，基于关键字检索的传统问题应答系统很难提供准确的技术问题的答案。因此，我们使用自然语言处理技术来设计用于压力容器设计中的决策过程的问题应答系统。为了解决技术问题应答系统的培训数据不足的问题，我们提出了一种根据来自几个不同维度的声明性句子生成问题的方法，以便可以从声明性句子获得多个问题答案对。此外，我们设计了一种基于双向长期短期存储器（BILSTM）网络的交互式注意模型，以提高两个问题句子的相似性比较的性能。最后，在公共和技术域数据集中测试了问题应答系统的性能。

自行车分享系统（BSSS）在全球越来越受欢迎，并引起了广泛的研究兴趣。本文研究了BSSS中的需求预测问题。空间和时间特征对于BSSS的需求预测至关重要，但提取了时尚动态的需求是挑战性的。另一个挑战是捕捉时空动力学和外部因素之间的关系，例如天气，一周和一天时间。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了一个名为MSTF-Net的多个时空融合网络。 MSTF-Net由多个时空块组成：3D卷积网络（3D-CNN）块，Eidetic 3D卷积长短短期存储网络（E3D-LSTM）块，以及完全连接的（FC）块。具体地，3D-CNN嵌段突出显示在每个片段中提取短期时空依赖（即，亲近，期间和趋势）; E3D-LSTM块进一步提取对所有碎片的长期时空依赖; FC块提取外部因素的非线性相关性。最后，融合E3D-LSTM和FC块的潜在表示以获得最终预测。对于两个现实世界数据集，显示MSTF-Net优于七种最先进的模型。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

An increasing number of public datasets have shown a marked clinical impact on assessing anatomical structures. However, each of the datasets is small, partially labeled, and rarely investigates severe tumor subjects. Moreover, current models are limited to segmenting specific organs/tumors, which can not be extended to novel domains and classes. To tackle these limitations, we introduce embedding learned from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) to segmentation models, dubbed the CLIP-Driven Universal Model. The Universal Model can better segment 25 organs and 6 types of tumors by exploiting the semantic relationship between abdominal structures. The model is developed from an assembly of 14 datasets with 3,410 CT scans and evaluated on 6,162 external CT scans from 3 datasets. We rank first on the public leaderboard of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and achieve the state-of-the-art results on Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV). Compared with dataset-specific models, the Universal Model is computationally more efficient (6x faster), generalizes better to CT scans from varying sites, and shows stronger transfer learning performance on novel tasks. The design of CLIP embedding enables the Universal Model to be easily extended to new classes without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned classes.

In this work, we tackle two vital tasks in automated driving systems, i.e., driver intent prediction and risk object identification from egocentric images. Mainly, we investigate the question: what would be good road scene-level representations for these two tasks? We contend that a scene-level representation must capture higher-level semantic and geometric representations of traffic scenes around ego-vehicle while performing actions to their destinations. To this end, we introduce the representation of semantic regions, which are areas where ego-vehicles visit while taking an afforded action (e.g., left-turn at 4-way intersections). We propose to learn scene-level representations via a novel semantic region prediction task and an automatic semantic region labeling algorithm. Extensive evaluations are conducted on the HDD and nuScenes datasets, and the learned representations lead to state-of-the-art performance for driver intention prediction and risk object identification.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.